Life Philosophy Chinese Idioms

176 idioms

千里迢迢

qiān lǐ tiáo tiáo

A thousand miles distant

Travel a great distance

This idiom describes a thousand (千) miles (里) being distant (迢迢). The doubled 迢 emphasizes the remoteness and length of the journey. The phrase captur...

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民富国强

mín fù guó qiáng

People wealthy, country strong

Prosperous people and powerful nation

This idiom describes the people (民) being wealthy (富) and the country (国) being strong (强). It recognizes that national strength comes from citizen pr...

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国泰民安

guó tài mín ān

Country peaceful, people safe

National peace and public security

This idiom describes the country (国) being peaceful (泰) and the people (民) being safe (安). It represents the ideal outcome of good governance where bo...

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太平盛世

tài píng shèng shì

Great peace, flourishing era

Golden age of peace and prosperity

This idiom describes a time of great (太) peace (平) and flourishing (盛) era (世). It depicts the ideal society - peaceful, prosperous, and stable. Such ...

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四海升平

sì hǎi shēng píng

Four seas rising in peace

Peace everywhere; universal harmony

This idiom describes the four seas (四海) - meaning the whole world in classical Chinese - rising (升) in peace (平). It depicts universal peace and harmo...

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安土重迁

ān tǔ zhòng qiān

Content with soil, reluctant to move

Prefer stability; reluctant to relocate

This idiom describes being content (安) with one's land (土) and reluctant (重) to relocate (迁). It reflects traditional agricultural societies where lan...

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故土难离

gù tǔ nán lí

Native soil hard to leave

Hard to leave one's homeland

This idiom describes native (故) soil (土) being hard (难) to leave (离). It captures the emotional attachment to one's homeland that makes departure diff...

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落叶归根

luò yè guī gēn

Falling leaves return to roots

Return to one's roots; go back home

This idiom describes falling (落) leaves (叶) returning (归) to their roots (根). Just as leaves fall and nourish the tree that produced them, people ofte...

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春风满面

chūn fēng mǎn miàn

Spring wind fills the face

Look happy and content

This idiom describes spring wind (春风) filling (满) the face (面). It depicts someone whose face radiates warmth and happiness like the pleasant spring b...

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得意忘形

dé yì wàng xíng

So pleased as to forget one's form

Become carried away by success

This idiom describes being so pleased (得意) that one forgets (忘) proper form or behavior (形). It warns that excessive joy or success can lead to loss o...

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心安理得

xīn ān lǐ dé

Heart at peace, reason satisfied

Feel at ease with a clear conscience

This idiom describes the heart (心) being at peace (安) because reason (理) is satisfied (得). It describes the inner tranquility that comes from knowing ...

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忐忑不安

tǎn tè bù ān

Heart unsettled and uneasy

Feel anxious and uneasy

This idiom describes a heart that is agitated (忐忑) and not (不) at peace (安). The characters 忐忑 are onomatopoeic, mimicking the sound and feeling of a ...

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固步自封

gù bù zì fēng

Stick to old ways and restrict oneself

Be complacent; refuse to improve

This idiom describes sticking (固) to one's steps (步) and self (自) restricting (封). It criticizes those who refuse to advance beyond their current posi...

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抱残守缺

bào cán shǒu quē

Embrace the incomplete, guard the deficient

Cling to the old and outdated; resist progress

This idiom describes embracing (抱) the incomplete (残) and guarding (守) the deficient (缺). Originally from Liu Xiang's writings, it described scholars ...

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众矢之的

zhòng shǐ zhī dì

Target of many arrows

Target of public criticism

This idiom describes being the target (的) of many (众) arrows (矢). It depicts someone who attracts criticism or attack from multiple directions simulta...

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一厢情愿

yī xiāng qíng yuàn

One side's wishful feeling

Wishful thinking; one-sided assumption

This idiom describes feelings or wishes (情愿) from only one side (一厢). It depicts expectations that exist only in one party's mind without reciprocatio...

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百无聊赖

bǎi wú liáo lài

Hundred times nothing to rely on

Utterly bored; at loose ends

This idiom describes having a hundred (百) times nothing (无) to depend on or occupy (聊赖). It captures extreme boredom and listlessness when one has not...

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不由自主

bù yóu zì zhǔ

Not by one's own control

Involuntarily; can't help but

This idiom describes actions not (不) controlled (由自主) by one's own will. It captures involuntary responses where emotions or instincts override consci...

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微不足道

wēi bù zú dào

Tiny not worth mentioning

Insignificant; not worth mentioning

This idiom describes something so tiny (微) that it's not (不) worth (足) mentioning (道). It emphasizes extreme insignificance or negligibility. The phra...

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精打细算

jīng dǎ xì suàn

Carefully calculate precisely

Calculate carefully; be frugal and precise

This idiom describes precisely (精) calculating (打) and carefully (细) accounting (算). It emphasizes careful resource management through detailed planni...

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不可开交

bù kě kāi jiāo

Cannot open and separate

Extremely busy; inextricably involved

This idiom describes being unable (不可) to open or separate (开交) - being so entangled in activity that one cannot extricate oneself. Originally describ...

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鸦雀无声

yā què wú shēng

Crows and sparrows without sound

Completely silent; so quiet you could hear a pin drop

This idiom describes a scene where even crows (鸦) and sparrows (雀) make no (无) sound (声). These common birds are normally noisy, so their silence indi...

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日新月异

rì xīn yuè yì

Day new month different

Changing rapidly; improving daily

This idiom describes being new (新) every day (日) and different (异) every month (月). It captures rapid, continuous change and progress. The phrase echo...

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川流不息

chuān liú bù xī

River flows without ceasing

Continuous flow; never-ending stream

This idiom describes rivers (川) flowing (流) without (不) ceasing (息). The natural image of perpetually flowing water represents continuous movement or ...

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无地自容

wú dì zì róng

No ground to contain oneself

Extremely ashamed; wish to disappear

This idiom describes having no (无) ground (地) to contain (容) oneself (自) - wishing to disappear from shame. The image of having nowhere to hide captur...

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触目惊心

chù mù jīng xīn

Touch eyes shock heart

Shocking; deeply disturbing

This idiom describes sights that touch (触) the eyes (目) and shock (惊) the heart (心). It captures the visceral impact of disturbing scenes that affect ...

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忍无可忍

rěn wú kě rěn

Endure without possibility of enduring

Beyond endurance; can't take it anymore

This idiom describes enduring (忍) until there is nothing (无) left that can (可) be endured (忍). The repetition of 'ren' (忍, endure) emphasizes the limi...

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手足无措

shǒu zú wú cuò

Hands and feet without placement

At a loss; flustered

This idiom describes hands (手) and feet (足) having no place (无措) to go - not knowing where to put one's limbs. The physical awkwardness represents men...

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井然有序

jǐng rán yǒu xù

Orderly like a well with sequence

In perfect order; well-organized

This idiom describes orderliness like a well (井然) with proper sequence (有序). The well metaphor relates to the grid pattern of ancient Chinese field sy...

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迫不及待

pò bù jí dài

Urgent cannot reach waiting

Can't wait; eager

This idiom describes urgency (迫) so great that one cannot (不及) wait (待). It captures the psychological state of intense anticipation or impatience. Th...

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寸步难行

cùn bù nán xíng

Inch step difficult to walk

Unable to move forward at all

This idiom describes being unable to walk (难行) even an inch (寸步). The smallest unit of progress - a single step - becomes impossible. The phrase appea...

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自食其果

zì shí qí guǒ

Self eat its fruit

Reap what one sows; suffer consequences

This idiom describes eating (食) the fruit (果) of one's own (自其) actions - suffering the consequences of one's behavior. The agricultural metaphor conn...

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大相径庭

dà xiāng jìng tíng

Greatly different like paths and courtyards

Vastly different; poles apart

This idiom describes things as different as paths (径) and courtyards (庭) - completely (大相) dissimilar. The phrase comes from 'Zhuangzi,' where it desc...

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泰山压顶

tài shān yā dǐng

Mount Tai pressing on the head

Overwhelming pressure; imminent disaster

This idiom describes Mount Tai (泰山), China's most sacred mountain, pressing (压) on one's head (顶). The image of China's most famous mountain crushing ...

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顺其自然

shùn qí zì rán

Follow its natural course

Let nature take its course

This idiom describes following (顺) the natural (自然) course of things (其). It embodies Daoist philosophy of wu wei (non-action) - working with natural ...

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司空见惯

sī kōng jiàn guàn

Minister of Works sees it habitually

So common as to attract no attention

This idiom originates from a Tang Dynasty story where the poet Liu Yuxi visited Minister of Works (司空) Li Shen. When beautiful courtesans performed, L...

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应接不暇

yìng jiē bù xiá

Responding and receiving without leisure

Too much to cope with; overwhelmed

This idiom describes being so busy responding (应) and receiving (接) that there is no (不) leisure (暇). It originates from texts describing the overwhel...

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雪上加霜

xuě shàng jiā shuāng

Add frost on top of snow

Add insult to injury; make things worse

This idiom describes adding (加) frost (霜) on top of (上) snow (雪). Both snow and frost are cold, so adding frost to snow intensifies an already difficu...

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喜闻乐见

xǐ wén lè jiàn

Happy to hear delighted to see

Enjoyed by all; universally popular

This idiom describes being happy (喜) to hear (闻) and delighted (乐) to see (见). It characterizes things that please audiences through both auditory and...

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无所事事

wú suǒ shì shì

Nothing to do as occupation

Have nothing to do; be idle

This idiom describes having nothing (无所) to do as one's occupation (事事). It depicts a state of idleness where one has no meaningful activities or resp...

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捉襟见肘

zhuō jīn jiàn zhǒu

Pulling collar reveals elbows

Hard-pressed; financially stretched

This idiom describes clothing so worn that pulling (捉) the collar (襟) reveals (见) the elbows (肘). The vivid image of poverty - clothes so tattered the...

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前所未有

qián suǒ wèi yǒu

Before never having existed

Unprecedented; never seen before

This idiom describes something that before (前) has never (未) existed (有). The phrase emphasizes absolute novelty - not just rare, but literally never ...

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长年累月

cháng nián lěi yuè

Long years accumulated months

Over a long period of time

This idiom describes long (长) years (年) with accumulated (累) months (月), emphasizing extended duration. The repetition of time units reinforces the se...

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不知所措

bù zhī suǒ cuò

Not knowing where to put hands and feet

At a loss; not knowing what to do

This idiom describes not (不) knowing (知) where to (所) place oneself (措). The character 措 relates to arranging or placing, suggesting complete confusio...

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心旷神怡

xīn kuàng shén yí

Heart expansive spirit delighted

Feeling carefree and happy

This idiom describes a state where the heart (心) feels expansive (旷) and the spirit (神) delighted (怡). It comes from Fan Zhongyan's famous Song Dynast...

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一览无余

yī lǎn wú yú

One glance nothing remaining

Take in everything at a glance

This idiom describes being able to see everything in one (一) glance (览) with nothing (无) remaining hidden (余). The phrase appeared in classical landsc...

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风靡一时

fēng mǐ yī shí

Wind bending grass for a time

Extremely popular for a time

This idiom uses the image of wind (风) bending (靡) grass for a period (一时) to describe widespread popularity. The metaphor of grass uniformly bending b...

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千变万化

qiān biàn wàn huà

Thousand changes ten thousand transformations

Ever-changing; constantly varying

This idiom uses the large numbers 'thousand' (千) and 'ten thousand' (万) with 'change' (变) and 'transform' (化) to describe constant flux. The hyperboli...

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息息相关

xī xī xiāng guān

Breath to breath mutually connected

Closely related; intimately connected

This idiom describes being connected breath (息) to breath (息), mutually (相) related (关). The breathing metaphor suggests connection as intimate as sha...

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虚惊一场

xū jīng yī chǎng

Empty fright for nothing

False alarm; scare for nothing

This idiom describes a false (虚) alarm or scare (惊) that amounts to nothing (一场). The character 场 suggests a theatrical event - the drama that turns o...

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事与愿违

shì yǔ yuàn wéi

Events contrary to wishes

Things turn out contrary to expectations

This idiom describes when events (事) go contrary (违) to one's wishes (愿). It captures the frustration when reality diverges from intentions despite be...

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恍如隔世

huǎng rú gé shì

Dimly as if separated by lifetimes

Feeling as if ages have passed

This idiom describes the disorienting feeling of being dimly (恍) as if (如) separated (隔) by different lifetimes or eras (世). It captures the profound ...

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触景生情

chù jǐng shēng qíng

Touching scenery produces feelings

Moved by the sight of something familiar

This idiom describes how encountering (触) a scene (景) can produce (生) emotions (情). It captures the powerful connection between places, objects, and e...

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左右为难

zuǒ yòu wéi nán

Left and right both difficult

In a dilemma; caught between difficulties

This idiom describes being in difficulty (为难) whether going left (左) or right (右), trapped between two equally problematic choices. The spatial metaph...

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意想不到

yì xiǎng bù dào

Mind imagines not reaching

Unexpected; unforeseen

This idiom describes something that one's thoughts (意想) could not (不) reach or anticipate (到). The phrase emphasizes the limits of imagination when co...

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垂头丧气

chuí tóu sàng qì

Drooping head and dejected spirit

Dejected; dispirited

This idiom describes the physical posture of dejection - head (头) drooping (垂) and spirit (气) lost (丧). The phrase captures how emotional states manif...

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理所当然

lǐ suǒ dāng rán

What reason dictates as natural

Naturally; as a matter of course

This idiom combines 'according to reason' (理所) with 'naturally so' (当然) to express what logic and propriety dictate as obvious or appropriate. The con...

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患得患失

huàn dé huàn shī

Worry about gain, worry about loss

Constantly anxious about gains and losses

This idiom comes from 'The Analects of Confucius,' where it describes petty people who worry (患) about gaining (得) before they have something, then wo...

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风和日丽

fēng hé rì lì

Wind gentle and sun beautiful

Perfect weather; favorable conditions

This idiom describes ideal weather conditions with gentle (和) wind (风) and beautiful (丽) sunshine (日). It first appeared in Tang Dynasty poetry celebr...

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坐立不安

zuò lì bù ān

Cannot sit or stand peacefully

Extremely restless and anxious

This idiom describes the physical manifestation of anxiety where one can neither sit (坐) nor stand (立) comfortably, finding no peace (不安) in any posit...

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喜出望外

xǐ chū wàng wài

Joy exceeding expectations

Overjoyed; pleasantly surprised

This idiom describes joy (喜) that goes beyond (出) one's expectations (望外). It captures the special quality of pleasant surprises that exceed what one ...

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津津有味

jīn jīn yǒu wèi

With relishing interest

With great interest and enjoyment

This idiom uses the reduplicated 'jinjin' (津津), meaning moist or flowing with saliva, combined with 'having flavor' (有味) to describe intense enjoyment...

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鸡飞蛋打

jī fēi dàn dǎ

Chicken flies away and eggs broken

To lose everything; complete failure

This vivid idiom depicts the scene of trying to catch a chicken and accidentally breaking its eggs in the process - losing both the bird and its poten...

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无可奈何

wú kě nài hé

Without any way to deal with it

Helpless; having no alternative

This idiom appears in early Chinese philosophical texts and gained literary fame through the Song Dynasty poet Yan Shu's famous line about falling flo...

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别有洞天

bié yǒu dòng tiān

Having another cave heaven

A hidden paradise; unexpected inner beauty

This idiom derives from Daoist mythology, where 'cave heavens' (洞天) were believed to be paradisiacal realms hidden within mountains, accessible only t...

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大同小异

dà tóng xiǎo yì

Largely same, slightly different

Essentially the same with minor differences

This idiom has roots in the Confucian concept of 'datong' (大同), meaning 'great unity' or 'grand harmony,' which described an ideal society. The phrase...

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心血来潮

xīn xuè lái cháo

Heart's blood comes in a tide

Acting on a sudden impulse or whim

This idiom comes from traditional Chinese medicine concepts where the heart (心) was believed to govern blood (血) circulation and emotions. When blood ...

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五花八门

wǔ huā bā mén

Five flowers and eight gates

A bewildering variety; all kinds of

This idiom has roots in ancient Chinese military strategy, where 'five flowers' (五花) referred to five tactical formations and 'eight gates' (八门) to ei...

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九牛一毛

jiǔ niú yī máo

One hair from nine oxen

A drop in the bucket; negligible amount

This idiom comes from a letter written by the great Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian (司马迁) to his friend Ren An. After being castrated as punishment fo...

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火冒三丈

huǒ mào sān zhàng

Fire rises three zhang

Explode in extreme anger or rage

Tang Dynasty theater directors first used this vivid image of anger as fire (火) rising (冒) three zhang (三丈) high - about 10 meters - in stage directio...

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供不应求

gōng bù yìng qiú

Supply cannot meet demand

Demand exceeds available supply

Han Dynasty economic reports first used this phrase to describe how provision (供) cannot (不) meet (应) demand (求) during grain shortages. Tang Dynasty ...

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根深蒂固

gēn shēn dì gù

Roots deep stem firm

Deeply entrenched and difficult to change

Ancient Chinese farming manuals first observed how plants with deep roots (根深) and firm stems (蒂固) could withstand both storms and drought. Han Dynast...

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高枕无忧

gāo zhěn wú yōu

High pillow no worry

Completely free from worry or concern

Tang Dynasty poets first used this image of resting head on high pillow (高枕) without worry (无忧) to praise effective governance that allowed people to ...

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风土人情

fēng tǔ rén qíng

Wind earth people feelings

Local customs and cultural characteristics

Tang Dynasty travel writers developed this comprehensive framework for documenting regional culture through climate/customs (风), geography (土), people...

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风吹草动

fēng chuī cǎo dòng

Wind blows grass moves

React to slightest hint of change or activity

Tang Dynasty military scouts first used this phrase to describe how wind (风) blowing (吹) causes grass (草) to move (动), revealing subtle signs of enemy...

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飞禽走兽

fēi qín zǒu shòu

Flying birds walking beasts

All varieties of wildlife in nature

The ancient 'Book of Rites' established this comprehensive classification of flying birds (飞禽) and walking beasts (走兽). Han Dynasty hunting regulation...

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当务之急

dāng wù zhī jí

Current matter's urgency

Most urgent priority requiring immediate attention

Han Dynasty crisis management documents introduced this method of identifying the current (当) matter's (务) most pressing urgency (之急). Tang Dynasty wr...

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呆若木鸡

dāi ruò mù jī

Dumbfounded like wooden chicken

Completely stunned or dumbfounded

Zhuangzi's Daoist texts introduced this vivid image of being stunned (呆) like a wooden chicken (木鸡), originally describing meditation-induced stillnes...

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称心如意

chèn xīn rú yì

Match heart according wish

Perfectly satisfying every expectation

Tang Dynasty poets first celebrated these rare moments when outcomes match one's heart (称心) according to wishes (如意). Song Dynasty craftsmen adopted i...

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层出不穷

céng chū bù qióng

Levels emerge without end

Continuously emerging in endless succession

Tang Dynasty Buddhist texts first used this phrase to describe how new levels of enlightenment (层) continue emerging (出) without exhaustion (不穷). Song...

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沧海桑田

cāng hǎi sāng tián

Blue sea mulberry field

Profound transformations over time

Ancient Daoist texts first recorded this observation of how blue seas (沧海) become mulberry fields (桑田) over time. The 'Liezi' collection used it to il...

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自由自在

zì yóu zì zài

Self from self exist

Completely free and unrestrained

Zhuangzi's philosophical writings in the 4th century BCE introduced this concept of complete freedom combining self-determination (自由) with unrestrict...

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无缘无故

wú yuán wú gù

No connection no reason

Completely without reason or provocation

Buddhist concepts of karmic relationships introduced this phrase describing actions having neither connection (无缘) nor cause (无故). Tang Dynasty writer...

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冷冷清清

lěng lěng qīng qīng

Cold cold quiet quiet

Deserted and lifeless atmosphere

Song Dynasty poets coined this atmospheric phrase combining coldness (冷冷) with quietness (清清) to describe abandoned places. Their verses painted pictu...

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若有所思

ruò yǒu suǒ sī

As if having something think

Lost in thought with a contemplative expression

Tang Dynasty poets first captured this contemplative state of appearing as if (若) one has something (有所) occupying their thoughts (思). They used it to...

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乱七八糟

luàn qī bā zāo

Chaotic seven eight messy

Complete disorganization and messiness

Ming Dynasty vernacular literature gave us this wonderfully expressive phrase for utter chaos involving numerous (七八) elements in complete disarray (糟...

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提心吊胆

tí xīn diào dǎn

Lift heart hang gall

Extreme anxiety with physical symptoms

This idiom originated from Song Dynasty medical descriptions of physiological responses to terror. It first appeared in clinical texts explaining how ...

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饱经沧桑

bǎo jīng cāng sāng

Fully experience seas to mulberry fields

Weathered profound life transformations

This idiom originated from Han Dynasty geographical observations before gaining metaphorical significance during the Three Kingdoms period. The metaph...

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安如泰山

ān rú tài shān

Stable like Mount Tai

Absolutely stable and unshakable

This idiom originated from Han Dynasty political discourse about dynastic security, first appearing in imperial edicts describing the desired permanen...

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安然无恙

ān rán wú yàng

Peaceful without illness

Completely safe and unharmed through danger

This idiom originated from the 'Records of the Three Kingdoms' describing survivors of catastrophe. The term '恙' originally referred specifically to p...

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安居乐业

ān jū lè yè

Peaceful dwelling happy occupation

Live peacefully and work happily

This idiom originated from Han Dynasty governmental ideals in the 'Book of Han,' first appearing as an administrative goal representing balanced prosp...

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安步当车

ān bù dāng chē

Peaceful walking substitutes carriage

Choose simpler pleasures over status displays

This idiom originated from the 'Eastern Han Records' biography of Cui Yuan, an official who declined the emperor's gift of a carriage, preferring to w...

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爱不释手

ài bù shì shǒu

Love not release hand

Cherish something too much to put it down

Song Dynasty connoisseurs first used this phrase to describe loving something so much (爱) one cannot (不) release (释) it from hand (手). Their writings ...

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知足常乐

zhī zú cháng lè

Know enough constant happiness

Contentment with what one has brings happiness

Laozi's profound insight in the 'Dao De Jing' teaches that knowing contentment (知足) leads to lasting happiness (常乐). The concept resonated deeply with...

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与日俱增

yǔ rì jù zēng

With day together increase

Steadily increasing as time passes

From the meticulous historical chronicles of the Han Dynasty comes this elegant description of growth that increases (增) in tandem (俱) with the passin...

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优胜劣汰

yōu shèng liè tài

Superior wins inferior eliminated

Natural selection eliminates the unfit

This evolutionary idiom describes how the superior (优) survives (胜) while the inferior (劣) is eliminated (汰), entering Chinese discourse during the la...

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庸人自扰

yōng rén zì rǎo

Mediocre person self-disturbs

Creating unnecessary troubles for oneself

This psychological idiom describes how unremarkable people (庸人) trouble themselves (自扰) with imagined concerns, originating from Ming Dynasty philosop...

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走马看花

zǒu mǎ kàn huā

Galloping horse views flowers

Superficial observation without depth

This idiom describes viewing flowers (看花) while galloping past on horseback (走马), originating from Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin's verses lamenting ha...

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草木皆兵

cǎo mù jiē bīng

Grass trees all soldiers

Extreme paranoia sees threats everywhere

This psychological idiom describes seeing grass (草) and trees (木) all (皆) as soldiers (兵), originating from the Three Kingdoms period where a defeated...

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风华正茂

fēng huá zhèng mào

Prime of youth and vigor

At peak of youth's ability

This idiom emerged during the Song Dynasty, capturing the moment when one's elegant bearing (风华) is at its flourishing prime (正茂). It gained prominenc...

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纸上富贵

zhǐ shàng fù guì

Wealth on paper only

Success in theory not reality

This illusory idiom describes wealth and status (富贵) existing only on paper (纸上), originating from Ming Dynasty commercial critiques. It first describ...

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人山人海

rén shān rén hǎi

People mountain people sea

Vast crowds of people

This crowded idiom describes people (人) forming mountains (山) and seas (海) through their sheer numbers, originating from Song Dynasty urban descriptio...

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身不由己

shēn bù yóu jǐ

Body not self-controlled

Forced to act against will

This constrained idiom describes situations where one's body/self (身) is not (不) governed (由) by oneself (己), originating from Han Dynasty discussions...

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骑虎难下

qí hǔ nán xià

Hard to dismount tiger

Unable to stop dangerous course

This precarious idiom describes the difficulty of dismounting (难下) once riding (骑) a tiger (虎), originating from Tang Dynasty political commentary. It...

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忍俊不禁

rěn jùn bù jīn

Cannot suppress a smile

Unable to hide amusement

This amused idiom describes being unable (不禁) to suppress (忍) a smile or laughter (俊), originating from Six Dynasties period literary descriptions. It...

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画饼充饥

huà bǐng chōng jī

Draw cakes to alleviate hunger

Empty promises satisfy nothing

This illusory idiom describes drawing (画) cakes (饼) to satisfy (充) hunger (饥), originating from Jin Dynasty Buddhist parables. It first appeared in te...

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姑息养奸

gū xī yǎng jiān

Tolerate evil, nurture harm

Leniency encourages worse behavior

This enabling idiom describes temporarily tolerating (姑息) problems and thereby nurturing (养) future harm (奸), originating from Han Dynasty governmenta...

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如履薄冰

rú lǚ báo bīng

Like walking on thin ice

Extreme caution in risky situations

This cautious idiom describes moving as if (如) walking (履) on thin (薄) ice (冰), originating from the Book of Changes during the Zhou Dynasty. It appea...

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江郎才尽

jiāng láng cái jìn

Jiang Yan's talent exhausted

Creativity permanently dried up

This creative depletion idiom references poet Jiang Yan's (江郎) talent becoming exhausted (才尽), originating from Southern Dynasty literary criticism. A...

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讳疾忌医

huì jí jì yī

Conceal illness, avoid doctors

Hiding problems worsens them

This self-defeating idiom describes concealing (讳) illness (疾) and refusing (忌) medical treatment (医), originating from Han Dynasty historical records...

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覆水难收

fù shuǐ nán shōu

Spilled water hard to recover

Actions cannot be undone

This irreversible idiom states that water once spilled (覆水) is difficult (难) to gather back (收), originating from Tang Dynasty poetry. It first appear...

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差强人意

chà qiáng rén yì

Barely satisfies expectations

Meets minimum standards only

This nuanced idiom describes something that somewhat (差) forcefully (强) satisfies (人意) expectations, originating from Han Dynasty literary criticism. ...

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鱼目混珠

yú mù hùn zhū

Fish eyes as pearls

Passing fakes as genuine

This deceptive idiom describes passing off fish eyes (鱼目) as pearls (珠) through deliberate mixing (混), originating from Han Dynasty market regulations...

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鹤发童颜

hè fà tóng yán

Crane hair, child face

Youthful despite old age

This complimentary idiom describes someone with white hair (鹤发) like a crane yet maintaining a child-like complexion (童颜), representing the ideal of a...

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七上八下

qī shàng bā xià

Seven up eight down

Anxious and unsettled

This numerical idiom uses seven (七) up (上) and eight (八) down (下) to describe a state of anxious confusion, originating from Song Dynasty vernacular e...

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浮光掠影

fú guāng lüè yǐng

Floating light fleeting shadow

Superficial impression without depth

This ephemeral idiom combines floating (浮) light (光) with fleeting (掠) shadows (影), originating from Southern Dynasty poetry. It first appeared in ver...

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名存实亡

míng cún shí wáng

Name exists reality gone

Exist in name only

This discrepant idiom describes situations where the name/form (名) continues to exist (存) while the substance/reality (实) has perished (亡), originatin...

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如醉如梦

rú zuì rú mèng

Like drunk like dream

Entranced in dreamlike state

This ethereal idiom compares an experience to being both drunk (醉) and dreaming (梦), originating from Tang Dynasty poetry. It first appeared in Li Bai...

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口干舌燥

kǒu gān shé zào

Mouth dry tongue parched

Exhausted from excessive talking

This physical idiom describes a dry (干) mouth (口) and parched (燥) tongue (舌), originating from Tang Dynasty medical texts. It initially appeared in cl...

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杞人忧天

qǐ rén yōu tiān

Qi person worries sky

Worry needlessly about impossible disasters

This anxious idiom references a person from Qi (杞人) who worried (忧) about the sky (天) falling, originating from the philosophical text 'Liezi' during ...

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不痛不痒

bù tòng bù yǎng

Neither painful nor itchy

Ineffective and inconsequential

This sensory idiom describes something neither (不) painful (痛) nor (不) itchy (痒), originating from Song Dynasty medical texts. It initially described ...

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心猿意马

xīn yuán yì mǎ

Heart monkey mind horse

Restless, unfocused mind

This restless idiom compares the heart/mind (心) to a monkey (猿) and thoughts/intentions (意) to a galloping horse (马), originating from Buddhist medita...

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不胫而走

bù jìng ér zǒu

Without legs yet walks

Spread widely and rapidly on its own

This mysterious idiom describes something that walks/spreads (走) without (不) legs (胫), originating from Han Dynasty discussions of information dissemi...

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走马观花

zǒu mǎ guān huā

View flowers from galloping horse

Observe hastily and superficially

This vivid idiom describes viewing (观) flowers (花) while riding (走) a galloping horse (马), originating from Tang Dynasty tourism practices. Historical...

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城门失火

chéng mén shī huǒ

City gate catches fire

Innocent bystanders suffer from others' problems

This idiom comes from a longer expression where the city gate (城门) catches fire (失火), but the disaster spreads to harm fish in the moat (殃及池鱼). It ori...

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万马奔腾

wàn mǎ bēn téng

Ten thousand horses galloping

Powerful unstoppable momentum

This dynamic idiom envisions ten thousand (万) horses (马) galloping (奔腾) together, originating from Tang Dynasty military descriptions. It first appear...

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戛然而止

jiá rán ér zhǐ

Suddenly and stop

Come to an abrupt halt

This onomatopoeic idiom combines the sharp sound 'jia' (戛) with the character for 'thus' (然) and 'stop' (止), creating a vivid image of sudden cessatio...

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指鹿为马

zhǐ lù wéi mǎ

Point deer call horse

Deliberately distort truth as power display

This idiom references the historical incident where someone pointed at (指) a deer (鹿) and called it (为) a horse (马), originating from the Qin Dynasty....

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昙花一现

tán huā yī xiàn

Night flower appears once

Brief, fleeting appearance

This botanical idiom refers to the epiphyllum or night-blooming cereus (昙花) that appears/blooms (现) just once (一) briefly, originating from Buddhist t...

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风月无边

fēng yuè wú biān

Wind moon without boundaries

Boundless natural beauty and romance

This aesthetic idiom celebrates how the beauty of wind (风) and moon (月) extends without (无) boundaries (边), originating from Tang Dynasty poetry. It f...

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刻骨铭心

kè gǔ míng xīn

Carve bone inscribe heart

Deeply and permanently affected

This profound idiom describes experiences so intense they seem carved (刻) into one's bones (骨) and inscribed (铭) in the heart (心), emerging from Han D...

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翻云覆雨

fān yún fù yǔ

翻Turn clouds overturn rain

Unpredictable, dramatic changes

This meteorological metaphor describes the ability to turn over (翻) clouds (云) and overturn (覆) rain (雨), originating from Daoist rain-making rituals ...

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明哲保身

míng zhé bǎo shēn

Wise person protects self

Protect oneself from danger wisely

This pragmatic idiom suggests the wise (明哲) person protects (保) themselves (身), emerging during the turbulent period following the Han Dynasty's colla...

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束手无策

shù shǒu wú cè

Bind hands no strategy

Completely helpless without options

This idiom describes the state of having bound (束) hands (手) with no (无) available strategies (策), originating from Spring and Autumn period military ...

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插翅难飞

chā chì nán fēi

Add wings difficult fly

Utterly impossible to escape

This vivid idiom suggests that even adding (插) wings (翅) wouldn't make escape possible (难飞), originating from Tang Dynasty prison terminology. Histori...

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纸醉金迷

zhǐ zuì jīn mí

Paper drunk gold confused

Decadent luxury lifestyle

This idiom describes a decadent lifestyle where one becomes intoxicated (醉) with wealth symbolized by gold (金) and surrounded by deeds/contracts on pa...

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望洋兴叹

wàng yáng xìng tàn

Gaze at ocean sigh deeply

Feel overwhelmed by greatness

This idiom captures the feeling of gazing (望) at the vast ocean (洋) and responding with deep sighs (兴叹) of awe or resignation. It originated from the ...

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隔岸观火

gé àn guān huǒ

Watch fire from opposite shore

Observe troubles from safe distance

This evocative idiom describes watching (观) a fire (火) from the opposite (隔) shore (岸), originating from Tang Dynasty accounts of riverside village fi...

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功亏一篑

gōng kuī yī kuì

Work fails one basket

Fail due to giving up near the end

The ancient Chinese text 'Hanfeizi' tells of a man who stopped hauling earth (功) one basket (篑) short of completing his mountain, teaching how project...

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目不暇给

mù bù xiá jǐ

Eyes too busy to attend

Too much to take in

This vivid idiom emerged from Han Dynasty court records describing imperial inspections where officials' eyes (目) were too (不) occupied (暇) to properl...

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迫在眉睫

pò zài méi jié

Urgent as brow and lash

Extremely urgent

This visceral idiom describes urgency so pressing (迫) it's between (在) the eyebrows (眉) and eyelashes (睫). Its earliest recorded use comes from Tang D...

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夸夸其谈

kuā kuā qí tán

Talk big and empty

All talk no substance

This critical idiom emerged during the Warring States period when advisors would boast (夸) excessively (夸) in their (其) speeches (谈). Historical accou...

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唇亡齿寒

chún wáng chǐ hán

Lips gone teeth cold

Fates linked together

This vivid metaphor emerged from the Warring States period, when advisor Li Ke warned the state of Wei about abandoning its ally. He explained that wh...

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寥若晨星

liáo ruò chén xīng

Sparse as morning stars

Very rare

A Tang Dynasty poetic description comparing rarity to morning (晨) stars (星) remaining visible (寥若) at dawn. Popular in classical poetry, it captured t...

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杯弓蛇影

bēi gōng shé yǐng

Bow in cup snake shadow

Needlessly suspicious

This tale from the Jin Dynasty chronicles a scholar who saw a bow's (弓) reflection in his cup (杯), mistaking it for a snake (蛇) shadow (影). His subseq...

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枕流漱石

zhěn liú shù shí

Pillow stream rinse stone

Live simply

This idiom, literally meaning 'pillow on the stream (流) and rinse with stones (石),' originated from a story about Sun Chu during the Jin Dynasty. He ...

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两虎相争

liǎng hǔ xiāng zhēng

Two tigers fight

Fierce competition between equals

The image of two (两) tigers (虎) fighting (相争) comes from ancient observations of territorial conflicts, documented in early Chinese zoological texts. ...

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蚁穴坏堤

yǐ xuē huài dī

Ant holes break dike

Small problems cause disaster

Dating to ancient Chinese agricultural texts, this observation of how tiny ant (蚁) holes (穴) can ultimately destroy (坏) a massive dike (堤) became a po...

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四海为家

sì hǎi wéi jiā

Four seas become home

At home anywhere

Emerging during the Han Dynasty's period of expansion, this cosmopolitan idiom envisions the four seas (四海) becoming one's home (家). It reflected the ...

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引火烧身

yǐn huǒ shāo shēn

Draw fire burn self

Bring trouble upon oneself

This cautionary idiom describes the act of drawing (引) fire (火) to burn (烧) oneself (身), originating from the Spring and Autumn period. It first appea...

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世外桃源

shì wài táo yuán

Peach spring beyond world

Perfect peaceful place

This phrase describing a peach (桃) blossom spring (源) beyond (外) the world (世) comes from Tao Yuanming's famous 5th-century prose poem about a fisherm...

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枕石漱流

zhěn shí shù liú

Pillow stone rinse stream

Endure hardship for goals

Drawing from the biography of the recluse-scholar Xu You, who chose to pillow (枕) on stones (石) and rinse (漱) his mouth with flowing (流) stream water ...

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柳暗花明

liǔ àn huā míng

Dark willows bright flowers

Hope appears in darkness

This idiom comes from a line in Tang Dynasty poet Lu Zhaolin's work, describing a moment where a traveler, surrounded by dark willows (柳暗), suddenly d...

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借花献佛

jiè huā xiàn fó

Borrow flower offer Buddha

Use others' resources

This Buddhist-influenced idiom describes borrowing flowers (花) to offer (献) to Buddha (佛), originating from Tang Dynasty temple practices where worshi...

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笑里藏刀

xiào lǐ cáng dāo

Hide knife in smile

Hide malice behind smile

This chilling idiom describes hiding a knife (刀) within a smile (笑), originating from historical accounts of court intrigue during the Late Han period...

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瓜熟蒂落

guā shú dì luò

Melon ripe stem falls

Things happen when ready

This agricultural metaphor describes how a melon (瓜) naturally falls from its stem (蒂) when ripe (熟), originating from peasant wisdom during the Sprin...

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守株待兔

shǒu zhū dài tù

Guard tree wait rabbit

Wait passively for luck

This Warring States period parable tells of a farmer who, after seeing a rabbit die by running into a tree stump (株), waited (待) endlessly for more ra...

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口蜜腹剑

kǒu mì fù jiàn

Mouth honey belly sword

Hide evil behind sweet words

This vivid idiom contrasts honey (蜜) in the mouth (口) with swords (剑) in the belly (腹), originating from Tang Dynasty political discourse. It was firs...

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风云突变

fēng yún tū biàn

Wind cloud sudden change

Sudden dramatic change

This dramatic idiom captures the sudden (突) change (变) in wind (风) and clouds (云), drawing from ancient Chinese meteorological observations. Originate...

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偷梁换柱

tōu liáng huàn zhù

Steal beam swap pillar

Deceive by substitution

This idiom refers to the cunning act of stealing (偷) beams (梁) and swapping (换) pillars (柱), derived from a Warring States period tale of architectura...

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众口铄金

zhòng kǒu shuò jīn

Many mouths melt gold

Public opinion is powerful

This powerful metaphor suggests that numerous (众) mouths (口) speaking together can melt (铄) even gold (金). Originating in the Han Dynasty, it reflects...

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时来运转

shí lái yùn zhuǎn

Time comes and fortune turns

Fortune's wheel will turn.

This optimistic idiom describes the moment when time arrives (时来) and fortune turns (运转). It emerged from the practice of divination during the Zhou D...

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黔驴技穷

qián lǘ jì qióng

Donkey's tricks exhausted

Run out of tricks

This wry expression originates from a Tang Dynasty essay about a donkey (驴) in Guizhou (黔) province whose initial novelty made it seem special, until ...

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金风玉露

jīn fēng yù lù

Golden wind jade dew

Perfect timing and conditions

This poetic idiom pairs golden (金) autumn wind (风) with jade-like (玉) dew (露), dating from Tang Dynasty nature poetry. It captures the crystalline cla...

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望梅止渴

wàng méi zhǐ ké

Think of plums stop thirst

Console with false hopes

This idiom comes from a historical account of General Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms period. Leading his army through drought-stricken terrain, he ...

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风声鹤唳

fēng shēng hè lì

Wind sound crane call

Overly fearful and suspicious

Dating back to the Jin Dynasty (265-420 CE), this idiom emerged from the aftermath of the Battle of Fei River. The defeated army became so paranoid th...

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未雨绸缪

wèi yǔ chóu móu

Prepare umbrella before rain

Prepare before problems arise

Dating to the Zhou Dynasty's Book of Changes, this idiom literally describes preparing (缪) with silk cords (绸) before (未) the rain (雨) arrives. It ori...

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四面楚歌

sì miàn chǔ gē

Chu songs from four sides

Surrounded by hostility

This poignant idiom originates from the final battle of Xiang Yu in 202 BCE. Surrounded by Han forces at Gaixia, Xiang Yu heard songs (歌) from his hom...

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因果报应

yīn guǒ bào yìng

Cause and effect return

Actions have consequences

This idiom encapsulates the Buddhist concept that causes (因) and effects (果) inevitably return (报应) as consequences. Introduced with Buddhism during t...

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夜郎自大

yè láng zì dà

Small kingdom thinks itself great

Overestimate oneself

This idiom references the ancient kingdom of Yelang (夜郎), whose ruler allegedly believed his small state rivaled the Han Empire in greatness (自大). The...

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近水楼台

jìn shuǐ lóu tái

Pavilion close to water

Advantage from close connections

First appearing in Tang Dynasty poetry, this idiom describes pavilions (楼台) close (近) to water (水), referring to their advantageous position to catch ...

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塞翁失马

sài wēng shī mǎ

Old man loses horse

Misfortune might be a blessing

This profound idiom originates from the story of a wise old man (塞翁) living near the northern border who lost his prized horse (失马). When neighbors ca...

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物极必反

wù jí bì fǎn

Things at extreme reverse

Extremes lead to reversal

This idiom captures a fundamental principle of Chinese philosophy: when things (物) reach their extreme (极), they inevitably (必) reverse (反). First art...

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好逸恶劳

hào yì wù láo

Love ease hate work

Love ease, hate work

This idiom describes the human tendency to love (好) ease (逸) and hate (恶) work (劳). First appearing in pre-Qin philosophical texts, it was used by Men...

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改邪归正

gǎi xié guī zhèng

Turn from wrong return to right

Return to righteousness

Emerging from Buddhist texts during the Eastern Han Dynasty, this idiom describes the journey of turning away (改) from wrong (邪) to return (归) to righ...

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一波三折

yī bō sān zhé

One wave three turns

Many twists and turns

This idiom originates from the Jin Dynasty master calligrapher Wang Xizhi's observation about brushwork, where he noted that when drawing one (一) wave...

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