Relationships & Character Chinese Idioms

138 idioms

不远千里

bù yuǎn qiān lǐ

Not consider a thousand miles far

Willingly travel far; make great efforts

This idiom describes not (不) considering far (远) a thousand (千) miles (里). From Mencius describing the willingness to travel great distances for impor...

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朝思暮想

zhāo sī mù xiǎng

Think in morning, yearn at night

Think about constantly; yearn for

This idiom describes thinking (思) in the morning (朝) and yearning (想) at night (暮). It depicts constant preoccupation from dawn to dusk. The phrase ca...

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魂牵梦萦

hún qiān mèng yíng

Soul pulled, dreams haunted

Yearn day and night

This idiom describes the soul (魂) being pulled (牵) and dreams (梦) being haunted (萦). It depicts longing so intense it occupies both waking and sleepin...

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恋恋不舍

liàn liàn bù shě

Attached and unwilling to part

Be deeply reluctant to leave

This idiom describes being attached (恋恋) and unwilling (不舍) to leave. Similar to 依依不舍 but with stronger emotional attachment through the character 恋 (...

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难分难舍

nán fēn nán shě

Hard to part, hard to leave

Be inseparable; hate to part

This idiom describes being hard (难) to part (分) and hard (难) to leave (舍). It depicts the pain of separation when attachment is strong. The doubled st...

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海枯石烂

hǎi kū shí làn

Seas dry, stones rot

Until the end of time; eternal love

This idiom describes seas (海) drying up (枯) and stones (石) rotting (烂). These are impossibilities that would take eternity - seas don't dry and stones...

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一见钟情

yī jiàn zhōng qíng

One glance, feelings concentrate

Love at first sight

This idiom describes at one (一) glance (见) feelings (情) concentrate (钟). It captures the experience of instant romantic attraction where love strikes ...

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白头偕老

bái tóu xié lǎo

White heads together in old age

Grow old together; lifelong partnership

This idiom describes white (白) heads (头) together (偕) in old age (老). It depicts couples who grow old together, their hair turning white side by side....

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举案齐眉

jǔ àn qí méi

Raise tray level with eyebrows

Married couple with great mutual respect

This idiom describes raising (举) a food tray (案) level (齐) with one's eyebrows (眉). It comes from the story of Meng Guang who showed deep respect for ...

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相敬如宾

xiāng jìng rú bīn

Respect each other like guests

Treat each other with respect

This idiom describes respecting each other (相敬) like guests (如宾). It comes from Zuozhuan describing an ideal married couple who maintained the courtes...

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相濡以沫

xiāng rú yǐ mò

Moisten each other with foam

Help each other in adversity

This idiom describes moistening each other (相濡) with foam (以沫). From Zhuangzi's parable of fish in a drying pond who keep each other alive by sharing ...

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刎颈之交

wěn jǐng zhī jiāo

Friendship of severed necks

Be sworn friends; absolute loyalty

This idiom describes a friendship (交) of severed necks (刎颈). It comes from the story of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru who reconciled their enmity and became...

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莫逆之交

mò nì zhī jiāo

Friendship without opposition

Be bosom friends

This idiom describes a friendship (交) without (莫) opposition (逆). It comes from Zhuangzi describing friends whose relationship has no discord or confl...

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情投意合

qíng tóu yì hé

Feelings cast, ideas match

Be perfectly compatible; hit it off

This idiom describes feelings (情) being cast together (投) and ideas (意) matching (合). It depicts natural compatibility where both emotions and thought...

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志同道合

zhì tóng dào hé

Same aspirations, aligned paths

Share the same goals and values

This idiom describes having the same (同) aspirations (志) and aligned (合) paths (道). It depicts people united by shared goals and values rather than me...

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推心置腹

tuī xīn zhì fù

Push heart, place in belly

Speak from the heart; confide completely

This idiom describes pushing (推) one's heart (心) and placing (置) it in another's belly (腹). It depicts such trust that one metaphorically gives their ...

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肝胆相照

gān dǎn xiāng zhào

Livers and galls illuminate each other

Share complete trust and loyalty

This idiom describes livers (肝) and galls (胆) illuminating (照) each other (相). In Chinese culture, these organs represent courage and sincerity. The p...

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开诚布公

kāi chéng bù gōng

Open sincerity, spread fairness

Be candid and fair

This idiom describes opening (开) sincerity (诚) and spreading (布) fairness (公). It originated from descriptions of Zhuge Liang's governance style - tra...

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一言既出

yī yán jì chū

Once a word is spoken

A promise once made must be kept

This idiom describes once (既) a word (一言) is spoken (出). It is often paired with 驷马难追 (four horses cannot catch it) to emphasize that spoken words can...

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表里如一

biǎo lǐ rú yī

Outside and inside as one

Be consistent inside and out

This idiom describes the outside (表) and inside (里) being as (如) one (一). It depicts consistency between one's public persona and private self, betwee...

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坦坦荡荡

tǎn tǎn dàng dàng

Open and broad-minded

Live openly with clear conscience

This idiom describes being open (坦坦) and broad (荡荡). The doubled characters emphasize the degree of openness and freedom from anxiety. It depicts some...

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秋毫无犯

qiū háo wú fàn

Not violating even autumn down

Show strict discipline; not take anything

This idiom describes not (无) violating (犯) even the finest autumn hair (秋毫). Autumn down refers to the tiny new hairs animals grow for winter - extrem...

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愁眉苦脸

chóu méi kǔ liǎn

Worried brows, bitter face

Look worried and unhappy

This idiom describes worried (愁) brows (眉) and a bitter (苦) face (脸). It depicts the physical manifestation of anxiety and unhappiness in facial expre...

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眉开眼笑

méi kāi yǎn xiào

Brows open, eyes smile

Be all smiles; radiate happiness

This idiom describes brows (眉) opening (开) and eyes (眼) smiling (笑). It depicts the full facial expression of genuine happiness where both brows relax...

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眉飞色舞

méi fēi sè wǔ

Eyebrows fly, expression dances

Be animated with excitement

This idiom describes eyebrows (眉) flying (飞) and expression (色) dancing (舞). It captures the animated facial expressions of someone excited or enthusi...

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喜笑颜开

xǐ xiào yán kāi

Happy smile, face opens up

Be beaming with joy

This idiom describes being so happy (喜) that one smiles (笑) and the face (颜) opens up (开). It captures the physical transformation that genuine joy br...

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怒不可遏

nù bù kě è

Anger that cannot be suppressed

Be furious beyond control

This idiom describes anger (怒) that cannot (不可) be suppressed (遏). It depicts rage so intense that it overwhelms all attempts at self-control. The phr...

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喜怒无常

xǐ nù wú cháng

Joy and anger without constancy

Be moody; have unpredictable emotions

This idiom describes having joy (喜) and anger (怒) without (无) consistency (常). It depicts someone whose emotions are unpredictable and volatile. The p...

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妄自尊大

wàng zì zūn dà

Unreasonably consider oneself great

Be conceited; have an inflated ego

This idiom describes unreasonably (妄) considering oneself (自) honorable and great (尊大). It is the opposite of 妄自菲薄, describing excessive self-importan...

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趾高气扬

zhǐ gāo qì yáng

Toes high, spirits lifted

Strut arrogantly; be conceited

This idiom describes walking with toes (趾) high (高) and spirits (气) raised (扬). It depicts someone strutting with such arrogance that even their toes ...

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颐指气使

yí zhǐ qì shǐ

Command with chin gestures and breath

Be domineering and arrogant

This idiom describes commanding others with chin (颐) gestures (指) and breathing (气) to direct (使). It depicts someone so arrogant they give orders thr...

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沽名钓誉

gū míng diào yù

Fish for fame and angle for reputation

Seek fame through calculated actions

This idiom describes seeking to buy (沽) fame (名) and fishing (钓) for reputation (誉). It criticizes those who pursue recognition through calculated act...

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恻隐之心

cè yǐn zhī xīn

Heart of compassionate concealment

Compassion; empathy for others

This idiom describes the heart (心) of compassion (恻隐). It comes from Mencius, who argued this feeling of pain at others' suffering is innate to all hu...

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赴汤蹈火

fù tāng dǎo huǒ

Go into boiling water step on fire

Go through fire and water; brave any danger

This idiom describes going into (赴) boiling water (汤) and stepping on (蹈) fire (火). It represents willingness to face extreme danger or hardship. The ...

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妄自菲薄

wàng zì fěi bó

Wrongly self-deprecate

Underestimate oneself; excessive self-deprecation

This idiom describes wrongly (妄) depreciating (菲薄) oneself (自). It warns against excessive self-deprecation that undervalues one's abilities. The phra...

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言行一致

yán xíng yī zhì

Words and actions consistent

Practice what one preaches

This idiom describes words (言) and actions (行) being consistent (一致). It embodies the Confucian ideal of integrity where speech matches behavior. The ...

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同病相怜

tóng bìng xiāng lián

Same illness mutually sympathize

Sympathize with those sharing similar troubles

This idiom describes those with the same (同) illness or affliction (病) mutually (相) sympathizing (怜). It captures the special understanding between pe...

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相见恨晚

xiāng jiàn hèn wǎn

Meeting each other regret it was late

Regret not meeting sooner; instant rapport

This idiom describes meeting (相见) and regretting (恨) it was late (晚). It expresses the feeling when connecting with someone special and wishing the re...

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心心相印

xīn xīn xiāng yìn

Heart and heart mutually seal

Perfect mutual understanding; hearts in harmony

This idiom describes hearts (心心) mutually (相) sealing or imprinting upon (印) each other. It comes from Chan (Zen) Buddhism describing the wordless tra...

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目中无人

mù zhōng wú rén

No person in one's eyes

Extremely arrogant; look down on everyone

This idiom describes having no (无) person (人) in one's eyes (目中) - looking through people as if they don't exist. It criticizes extreme arrogance that...

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平易近人

píng yì jìn rén

Level and easy to approach

Approachable; easy to get along with

This idiom describes being level/even (平易) and easy to approach (近人). It praises those who, despite status or accomplishment, remain accessible and un...

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与众不同

yǔ zhòng bù tóng

Different from the crowd

Unique; distinctive

This idiom describes being different (不同) from (与) the crowd (众). It can express either positive uniqueness or critical isolation, depending on contex...

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痛改前非

tòng gǎi qián fēi

Painfully change previous wrongs

Sincerely repent and reform

This idiom describes painfully (痛) changing (改) one's previous (前) wrongs (非). The inclusion of 'tong' (痛, pain) suggests genuine remorse rather than ...

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无微不至

wú wēi bù zhì

No detail not attended to

Meticulous; attentive to every detail

This idiom describes care where no (无) detail, however small (微), is not (不) attended to (至). It emphasizes thoroughness that extends to the smallest ...

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信口开河

xìn kǒu kāi hé

Trust mouth open river

Talk irresponsibly; make things up

This idiom describes opening (开) a river (河) from one's trusted mouth (信口) - letting words flow freely without verification or thought. The image of a...

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大惊小怪

dà jīng xiǎo guài

Big surprise small strange

Make a fuss about nothing

This idiom describes making big (大) surprise (惊) over small (小) strange things (怪) - overreacting to minor matters. The phrase criticizes disproportio...

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依依不舍

yī yī bù shě

Clinging and unwilling to part

Reluctant to part; lingering attachment

This idiom uses the reduplicated 'yiyi' (依依), meaning clinging or attached, combined with unwilling (不舍) to part. It describes the emotional difficult...

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一如既往

yī rú jì wǎng

Same as it has always been

As always; unchanged

This idiom describes being the same (一如) as it has always been (既往). It emphasizes consistency and unchanged behavior or quality over time. The phrase...

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心照不宣

xīn zhào bù xuān

Hearts illuminate without declaring

Tacit understanding; unspoken agreement

This idiom describes hearts (心) that illuminate/understand each other (照) without (不) explicit declaration (宣). It captures the special rapport betwee...

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鞠躬尽瘁

jū gōng jìn cuì

Bow and exhaust oneself completely

Devote oneself completely; work until exhausted

This idiom describes bowing (鞠躬) while exhausting oneself completely (尽瘁). It comes from Zhuge Liang's famous memorial 'Chu Shi Biao,' where he pledge...

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变本加厉

biàn běn jiā lì

Change origin add severity

Get worse; intensify negatively

This idiom describes change (变) from the original (本) state by adding (加) severity (厉). It depicts situations that worsen instead of improving, with p...

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若无其事

ruò wú qí shì

As if nothing happened

Act as if nothing happened

This idiom describes behaving as if (若) there was no (无) such matter (其事). It depicts maintaining a calm or normal demeanor despite significant events...

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视而不见

shì ér bù jiàn

Look but not see

Turn a blind eye; deliberately ignore

This idiom describes looking (视) but not (不) seeing (见), indicating willful blindness rather than genuine inability to perceive. The phrase originated...

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言过其实

yán guò qí shí

Words exceed the reality

Exaggerate; overstate

This idiom describes words (言) that exceed (过) the actual reality (其实). It originated from 'Records of the Three Kingdoms,' where Zhuge Liang used it ...

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心甘情愿

xīn gān qíng yuàn

Heart sweet feeling willing

Willingly; without reluctance

This idiom describes a state where the heart (心) finds sweetness (甘) and feelings (情) are willing (愿). It emphasizes genuine, voluntary acceptance wit...

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争论不休

zhēng lùn bù xiū

Arguing without rest

Argue endlessly without resolution

This idiom describes arguing (争论) without (不) stopping (休). The phrase captures the frustration of debates that continue indefinitely without resoluti...

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一视同仁

yī shì tóng rén

One view same benevolence

Treat everyone equally without discrimination

This idiom describes viewing (视) everyone with the same (一同) benevolence (仁). The Confucian concept of 'ren' (仁, benevolence) is extended equally to a...

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默默无闻

mò mò wú wén

Silently without fame

Unknown; working in obscurity

This idiom describes working silently (默默) without (无) anyone hearing of it (闻). It depicts humble labor without recognition or fame. The phrase can d...

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无动于衷

wú dòng yú zhōng

No movement in the heart

Unmoved; indifferent

This idiom describes having no (无) movement (动) within (于) one's heart (衷). The character 衷 specifically refers to the innermost feelings. The phrase ...

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滔滔不绝

tāo tāo bù jué

Surging waves never ceasing

Talk endlessly; speak at great length

This idiom uses the image of surging (滔滔) waves that never (不) cease (绝) to describe continuous, flowing speech. The reduplicated 'taotao' evokes the ...

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明知故犯

míng zhī gù fàn

Clearly know yet deliberately violate

Knowingly commit a violation

This idiom describes clearly knowing (明知) something is wrong yet deliberately (故) doing it anyway (犯). The phrase emphasizes the moral culpability tha...

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自告奋勇

zì gào fèn yǒng

Self-recommend with vigor and courage

Volunteer bravely; step forward willingly

This idiom describes volunteering (自告) with vigor (奋) and courage (勇), emphasizing initiative and bravery in stepping forward. The phrase combines sel...

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形影不离

xíng yǐng bù lí

Body and shadow never separate

Inseparable; always together

This idiom compares close companions to a person (形, form/body) and their shadow (影) that never (不) separate (离). The phrase originates from ancient C...

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光明磊落

guāng míng lěi luò

Bright and open-hearted

Upright and open; above board

This idiom combines 'bright and luminous' (光明) with 'open and upright' (磊落) to describe someone of impeccable moral character. The character 磊 depicts...

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七嘴八舌

qī zuǐ bā shé

Seven mouths eight tongues

Everyone talking at once; lively discussion

This idiom uses the numbers seven (七) and eight (八), which in Chinese often suggest 'many' or 'various,' combined with mouths (嘴) and tongues (舌) to d...

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心平气和

xīn píng qì hé

Heart calm and breath harmonious

Calm and composed; even-tempered

This idiom combines 'calm heart' (心平) with 'harmonious breath/energy' (气和), reflecting traditional Chinese understanding of emotional and physical bal...

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自以为是

zì yǐ wéi shì

Considering oneself to be right

Self-righteous; opinionated

This idiom appears in the ancient Daoist text 'Zhuangzi' and was used by Confucius to criticize those who considered themselves (自以为) always right (是)...

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粗心大意

cū xīn dà yì

Rough heart and careless mind

Careless; negligent

This idiom combines 'rough/coarse' (粗) heart (心) with 'big/careless' (大) intention (意) to describe a lack of attention to detail. While both component...

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名副其实

míng fù qí shí

Name matches reality

Living up to one's name or reputation

This idiom originates from the Han Dynasty text 'Hou Han Shu' (后汉书), where it described officials whose abilities matched their titles. The phrase com...

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言而有信

yán ér yǒu xìn

Words with trustworthiness

To be true to one's word

This idiom comes from 'The Analects of Confucius' (论语), where the sage emphasized that a person's words (言) must be accompanied by trustworthiness (信)...

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天长地久

tiān cháng dì jiǔ

Heaven is long, earth is lasting

Everlasting; eternal

This idiom derives from Chapter 7 of the Daoist classic 'Tao Te Ching' (道德经) by Laozi: 'Heaven and earth are long-lasting.' The phrase uses the eterna...

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望穿秋水

wàng chuān qiū shuǐ

Gazing through autumn waters

To eagerly await someone or something

This idiom originates from Tang Dynasty poetry, where 'autumn waters' (秋水) was a literary metaphor for bright, clear eyes. The phrase describes lookin...

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急功近利

jí gōng jìn lì

Rush achievement near profit

Seek quick success and immediate benefit

Tang Dynasty court critics first used this phrase to condemn officials rushing achievements (急功) for immediate benefits (近利). Song Dynasty Neo-Confuci...

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讳莫如深

huì mò rú shēn

Avoid discussing as deep

Maintain absolute silence about sensitive matter

Han Dynasty court protocols first established this practice of avoiding discussion (讳莫) as deeply (如深) as possible regarding sensitive imperial matter...

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胡说八道

hú shuō bā dào

Reckless speak eight ways

Talk complete nonsense without any foundation

Ming Dynasty vernacular speech gave us this colorful description of reckless speaking (胡说) scattered in eight directions (八道). Qing Dynasty scholars u...

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虎踞龙盘

hǔ jù lóng pán

Tiger crouch dragon coil

Commanding imposing strategic position

Three Kingdoms period geographers first described Nanjing's terrain as having tigers crouching (虎踞) and dragons coiling (龙盘). The image combined earth...

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好好先生

hǎo hǎo xiān sheng

Good good mister

Person who agrees with everyone to avoid conflict

Qing Dynasty political commentators first used this phrase to criticize excessively agreeable (好好) officials (先生) who prioritized harmony over necessa...

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害群之马

hài qún zhī mǎ

Harm herd's horse

Individual whose behavior harms entire group

Han Dynasty horse breeders first noted how a single problematic horse (马) could harm (害) an entire herd (群). Tang Dynasty administrators adopted it to...

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拐弯抹角

guǎi wān mò jiǎo

Turn corners wipe angles

Speak or act in deliberately indirect manner

Ming Dynasty urban guides first used this phrase to describe physical paths that turn corners (拐弯) and smooth angles (抹角). Qing Dynasty diplomatic wri...

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各抒己见

gè shū jǐ jiàn

Each express own view

Everyone freely express their own opinions

Spring and Autumn period diplomatic protocols established this principle of each person expressing (抒) their own (己) view (见). Warring States strategi...

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负荆请罪

fù jīng qǐng zuì

Carry thorns request punishment

Sincerely admit fault and accept consequences

The 'Records of the Grand Historian' tells how general Lin Xiangru carried thorns (负荆) while requesting punishment (请罪) to demonstrate sincere regret ...

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飞蛾扑火

fēi é pū huǒ

Flying moth rushes fire

Be irresistibly drawn toward self-destruction

Han Dynasty naturalists first documented this self-destructive phenomenon of moths (飞蛾) rushing toward flames (扑火). Tang Dynasty poets transformed thi...

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恶贯满盈

è guàn mǎn yíng

Evil accumulated fully filled

Accumulated evil deeds ripe for punishment

Han Dynasty metaphysical discussions introduced this image of wickedness (恶) accumulating until fully (满) overflowing (盈). Buddhist influence strength...

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东张西望

dōng zhāng xī wàng

East stretch west gaze

Look around nervously or suspiciously

Han Dynasty court observers first noted this revealing behavior of looking anxiously east (东张) and west (西望) as a sign of concealed intentions. The ca...

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丢三落四

diū sān là sì

Lose three drop four

Habitually forgetful and disorganized

Ming Dynasty vernacular speech captured this pattern of losing three things (丢三) and dropping four (落四). The non-sequential numbers created a perfect ...

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得寸进尺

dé cùn jìn chǐ

Gain inch advance foot

Take advantage by demanding increasingly more

This excessive demand idiom describes gaining an inch (寸) then advancing to demand a foot (尺), originating from Han Dynasty negotiation terminology re...

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大公无私

dà gōng wú sī

Great public no private

Completely impartial without self-interest

Han Dynasty administrative manuals first set this standard of great fairness (大公) without self-interest (无私) for imperial officials. Tang Dynasty Neo-...

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乘人之危

chéng rén zhī wēi

Ride person's danger

Exploit others during their vulnerability

Han Dynasty military treatises first condemned this practice of taking advantage (乘) of others' moments of vulnerability (危). Tang Dynasty Confucian s...

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长话短说

cháng huà duǎn shuō

Long story briefly tell

Make a long story short

Yuan Dynasty theater introduced this narrative technique of telling long stories (长话) in brief form (短说). Stage directors used it to help performers c...

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侧目而视

cè mù ér shì

Side eye and look

Look askance with suspicion or disdain

Han Dynasty court etiquette manuals first described this technique of looking (视) with eyes turned sideways (侧目) as a way for lower officials to show ...

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不择手段

bú zé shǒu duàn

Not choose methods

Use any means regardless of ethics

Tang Dynasty historians first used this phrase to criticize those who refuse to discriminate (不择) between different means (手段) in pursuing their goals...

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不言而喻

bù yán ér yù

Not speak yet understood

Self-evident requiring no explanation

Han Dynasty Confucian scholars celebrated this ideal of matters that without (不) being spoken (言) are nevertheless understood (喻). It represented the ...

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不屑一顾

bù xiè yī gù

Not deign one glance

Disdainfully dismiss as beneath consideration

The 'Records of the Grand Historian' captures a haughty Jin Kingdom minister's refusal (不屑) to give even a single glance (一顾) at Wei's alliance propos...

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门当户对

mén dāng hù duì

Door match household align

Match between families of similar social status

Tang Dynasty marriage arrangers first used this architectural metaphor of matching doors (门) and households (户) to describe suitable unions. Family ge...

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乐于助人

lè yú zhù rén

Happy to help people

Find genuine pleasure in helping others

This phrase originated from Confucian ethical teachings in the Analects compiled around 500 BCE. The concept appears in Confucius' discussions of diff...

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待人热情

dài rén rè qíng

Treat people warmly

Treat others with genuine warmth and enthusiasm

This phrase originated from Song Dynasty etiquette manuals for merchant households, first providing guidance for commercial hospitality before broaden...

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心地善良

xīn dì shàn liáng

Heart ground kind good

Fundamentally kind and virtuous character

This phrase originated from Buddhist terminology during the Eastern Han Dynasty introduction of Buddhism to China. It appeared in early sutras transla...

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半面之交

bàn miàn zhī jiāo

Half-face acquaintance

Superficial acquaintance without depth

This idiom originated from Tang Dynasty social terminology, first appearing in poetry describing fleeting encounters that created recognition without ...

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爱毛反裘

ài máo fǎn qiú

Love fur turn inside-out fur coat

Honor one's teachers or humble origins

The Warring States period text 'Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals' introduces this image of loving fur (爱毛) so much that one turns a fur coat inside out (...

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自作聪明

zì zuò cōng míng

Self make cleverness

Too clever for one's own good

Ming Dynasty storytellers gave us this sharp critique of those who create their own version of cleverness (自作聪明), often leading to foolish decisions. ...

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众所周知

zhòng suǒ zhōu zhī

Everyone completely knows

As everyone knows or is widely recognized

Han Dynasty imperial edicts first employed this phrase to establish what everyone (众) completely (周) knows (知) before introducing new policies. Tang D...

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朝秦暮楚

zhāo qín mù chǔ

Morning Qin evening Chu

Constantly shifting loyalty for personal gain

During the turbulent Warring States period, this phrase emerged to describe officials who served Qin state in the morning (朝秦) but switched to Chu by ...

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斩钉截铁

zhǎn dīng jié tiě

Chop nail cut iron

Decisively and firmly without hesitation

Born in the workshops of Tang Dynasty metalworkers, this phrase captures the clean, decisive action of chopping nails (斩钉) and cutting iron (截铁). The ...

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总而言之

zǒng ér yán zhī

Altogether and speaking it

To sum up everything discussed

This formal idiom combines totality (总) with expression (言之) through a linking particle (而), emerging directly from Han Dynasty scholarly writing rath...

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冰清玉洁

bīng qīng yù jié

Ice clear jade pure

Impeccable moral character and integrity

This purity idiom pairs the clarity of ice (冰清) with the unsullied nature of jade (玉洁), originating from Han Dynasty descriptions of exemplary officia...

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叶公好龙

yè gōng hào lóng

Lord Ye loves dragons

Professed love hiding actual fear

This ironic tale tells of Lord Ye (叶公) who professed to love (好) dragons (龙) but fled in terror when faced with a real one. During the Six Dynasties p...

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指桑骂槐

zhǐ sāng mà huái

Point mulberry, curse locust tree

Indirect criticism of real target

This indirect idiom describes pointing at (指) mulberry trees (桑) while cursing (骂) locust trees (槐), originating from the Spring and Autumn period. It...

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狐狸尾巴

hú li wěi ba

Fox's tail

True nature eventually revealed

This revealing idiom references a fox's (狐狸) tail (尾巴) as something hidden that eventually shows itself, originating from Tang Dynasty folklore where ...

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青梅竹马

qīng méi zhú mǎ

Green plums and bamboo horses

Childhood sweethearts or friends

This nostalgic idiom pairs green plums (青梅) with bamboo horses (竹马), originating from Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai's verse about childhood playmates. It d...

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虚张声势

xū zhāng shēng shì

Empty show of strength

Bluffing with fake display

This deceptive idiom describes creating false (虚) displays (张) of power (势) through noise (声), originating from Warring States period military strateg...

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过河拆桥

guò hé chāi qiáo

Cross river, dismantle bridge

Abandoning those who helped you

This ungrateful idiom describes crossing (过) a river (河) and then dismantling (拆) the bridge (桥), originating from Tang Dynasty political commentary. ...

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顶礼膜拜

dǐng lǐ mó bài

Highest reverence and worship

Extreme adoration or worship

This reverential idiom combines the highest form of respect (顶礼) with devout worship (膜拜), originating from Buddhist ritual practices during the Easte...

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难兄难弟

nán xiōng nán dì

Difficult elder and younger brothers

Companions united through shared hardship

This related idiom describes troubled (难) elder brother (兄) and troubled (难) younger brother (弟), originating from Qing Dynasty vernacular literature....

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不卑不亢

bù bēi bù kàng

Neither humble nor proud

Maintain perfect dignified composure

This balanced idiom advocates being neither (不) servile (卑) nor (不) arrogant (亢), originating from Confucian texts of the Warring States period. It fi...

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高山流水

gāo shān liú shuǐ

High mountain flowing water

Perfect artistic understanding between friends

This aesthetic idiom pairs lofty (高) mountains (山) with flowing (流) water (水), originating from a famous friendship between Zhong Ziqi and musician Bo...

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坐怀不乱

zuò huái bù luàn

Sit in lap not disorderly

Maintain perfect integrity despite temptation

This idiom refers to maintaining propriety (不乱) even when a woman sits (坐) in one's lap (怀), originating from a story about Confucian scholar Liuxia H...

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敬业乐群

jìng yè lè qún

Respect work enjoy community

Balance excellence with social harmony

This balanced approach advocates respecting (敬) one's profession (业) while enjoying (乐) community (群), first appearing in Confucian educational texts ...

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口是心非

kǒu shì xīn fēi

Mouth yes heart no

Words differ from thoughts

Originating in Tang Dynasty Buddhist texts discussing the alignment of speech and thought, this idiom describes when the mouth (口) says yes (是) but th...

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言不由衷

yán bù yóu zhōng

Words not from heart

Speak without meaning it

First appearing in Han Dynasty court records, this idiom describes words (言) not originating (不由) from within one's heart (衷). It gained particular si...

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一诺千金

yī nuò qiān jīn

One promise thousand gold

Keep promises faithfully

Emerging from the Spring and Autumn period, this idiom equates one (一) promise (诺) with a thousand in gold (千金). It gained prominence through the stor...

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饮水思源

yǐn shuǐ sī yuán

Drink water think source

Remember your roots

This reflection on gratitude emerged during the Tang Dynasty, using the everyday act of drinking (饮) water (水) to remind one to think (思) of its sourc...

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完璧归赵

wán bì guī zhào

Return jade to Zhao complete

Return something perfect

This idiom stems from the Warring States period when Lin Xiangru, a diplomat of Zhao state, was tasked with protecting a precious jade disk (璧) that K...

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倾盖如故

qīng gài rú gù

Tilt hat like old friends

Instant friendship

Dating to the Spring and Autumn period, this elegant idiom describes the instant rapport between kindred spirits, comparing it to tilting (倾) carriage...

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雪中送炭

xuě zhōng sòng tàn

Send coal in snow

Help in time of need

Sending (送) coal (炭) in snow (雪) weather captured the essence of timely assistance during critical moments. This Song Dynasty idiom arose from stories...

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守正不阿

shǒu zhèng bù ē

Keep right no flattery

Keep integrity without compromise

Emerging from Han Dynasty political discourse, this phrase combines maintaining righteousness (守正) with refusing to flatter or compromise principles (...

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众志成城

zhòng zhì chéng chéng

Many wills make wall

Unity creates strength

This architectural metaphor shows how many wills (众志) can form an impenetrable wall (城), drawing from ancient Chinese defensive architecture. It gaine...

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守口如瓶

shǒu kǒu rú píng

Guard mouth like bottle

Keep secrets well

Comparing one's mouth to a sealed bottle (瓶), this idiom emerged during the Tang Dynasty when court intrigue made discretion essential for survival. T...

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一言九鼎

yī yán jiǔ dǐng

Words heavy as nine cauldrons

Words carry great weight

During the Zhou Dynasty, nine sacred bronze cauldrons (鼎) symbolized imperial authority. This idiom equates a single (一) word (言) with the weight of t...

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爱屋及乌

ài wū jí wū

Love house and its crow

Love extends to all connections

This tender expression describes how love (爱) for a house (屋) extends (及) even to the crow (乌) perched on its roof. Dating back to the Warring States ...

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守望相助

shǒu wàng xiāng zhù

Watch and help each other

Help and support each other

Originating from ancient Chinese village organization principles, this phrase describes communities watching (守望) and helping (相助) each other. Histori...

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狐假虎威

hú jiǎ hǔ wēi

Fox uses tiger's power

Borrow authority to intimidate

This idiom emerged from a Warring States period fable where a fox (狐) borrowed (假) the authority (威) of a tiger (虎) to intimidate other animals. The s...

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春风化雨

chūn fēng huà yǔ

Spring wind becomes rain

Gentle, nurturing influence

This poetic metaphor traces back to the Han Dynasty's educational philosophy, where ideal teaching was compared to spring winds (春风) transforming into...

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风雨同舟

fēng yǔ tóng zhōu

Share boat in wind and rain

Share hardships together

Closely related to '同舟共济' but with added emotional depth, this idiom evokes sharing a boat (同舟) amid wind (风) and rain (雨). It first appeared in Song ...

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同舟共济

tóng zhōu gòng jì

Cross river in same boat

Face challenges together

This idiom shares deep connections with China's river-centric civilization, where crossing (济) together (共) in the same boat (同舟) was often a matter o...

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以和为贵

yǐ hé wéi guì

Value harmony as precious

Value harmony above all

This idiom, promoting harmony (和) as precious (贵), traces back to the Zhou Dynasty classic 'Guoyu,' reflecting early Chinese diplomatic philosophy. Th...

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海纳百川

hǎi nà bǎi chuān

Sea accepts hundred rivers

Accept all with open mind

This idiom describes how the sea (海) accepts (纳) a hundred (百) rivers (川), celebrating inclusivity and breadth of mind. It first gained prominence dur...

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以心换心

yǐ xīn huàn xīn

Exchange heart for heart

Treat others as yourself

This idiom emerged during the Han Dynasty, expressing the profound concept of exchanging (换) one heart (心) for another (以). It first appeared in diplo...

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一模一样

yī mú yī yàng

One mold one appearance

Exactly identical

Originating in Ming Dynasty craftsmen's guilds, this idiom literally means one (一) mold (模) produces one (一) appearance (样). It derives from the ancie...

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