出塞
chū sài
River Snow
王昌龄 (Wang Changling) · Tang Dynasty · 698–756
원문
秦时明月汉时关，
qín shí míng yuè hàn shí guān,
万里长征人未还。
wàn lǐ cháng zhēng rén wèi huán.
但使龙城飞将在，
dàn shǐ lóng chéng fēi jiàng zài,
不教胡马度阴山。
bù jiào hú mǎ dù yīn shān.
Translation (Korean)
From a thousand mountains, birds have vanished; on ten thousand paths, human traces are gone. A lone boat, an old man in straw cloak and hat — fishing alone in the cold river snow.
역사적 배경
Liu Zongyuan wrote this poem during his political exile in Yongzhou (modern Hunan). Having been banished for his role in a failed reform movement, he spent over a decade in the remote south. The poem is widely read as a self-portrait of the poet in exile — alone and unbowed. It is one of the most visually iconic Chinese poems, frequently depicted in traditional painting.
문학적 분석
The poem achieves extraordinary stillness through systematic negation. First all birds vanish, then all human traces. The world is emptied of all life except one old man. The scale is vast (thousands of mountains, ten thousand paths) yet narrows to a single point (one boat, one figure). The old fisherman, alone in a frozen landscape, embodies Confucian integrity — maintaining one's principles desp
형식
Five-character Quatrain (五言绝句)
주제
Nature & Landscape
작가 소개 Wang Changling (王昌龄)
Wang Changling was known as the "Master of Seven-character Quatrains" (七绝圣手) during the Tang Dynasty. He excelled at frontier poetry that combined martial spirit with deep compassion for soldiers. Despite his literary fame, he suffered political setbacks and was ultimately killed during the An Lushan Rebellion.