争先恐后(爭先恐後)

Pronunciation: zhēng xiān kǒng hòu Literal meaning: Compete first fear last

Origin & Usage

The competitive atmosphere of the Han Dynasty imperial court gave birth to this phrase describing the twin drives of striving to be first (争先) while fearing to be last (恐后). Court historians noted how this combination of ambition and anxiety drove official behavior. Tang Dynasty observers saw the same pattern in broader social competition. Modern usage spans from consumer behavior to professional advancement, capturing how social momentum creates both attraction to leading positions and fear of falling behind.

When to Use

Situation: Investors rushed to purchase shares of the promising new technology company

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