10 Powerful Chinese Idioms About Perseverance & Never Giving Up

Unshakeable despite adversity

Literal: Broken a hundred times, never bending

Cai Yong wrote it on Qiao Xuan's memorial stele: his nature was grave, he disliked show and held to the plain, and he had the bearing of a man who could be broken (折) a hundred (百) times and would not (不) bend (挠), who faced a crisis and could not be moved from his ground. 折 is setbacks rather than ...

Persistence achieves anything

Literal: Water drops pierce stone

The Song collection Helin Yulu attaches this to the magistrate Zhang Guaiya, who had a clerk flogged for a single copper coin, was told he would not dare behead him for it, and wrote the judgment before doing exactly that: a coin a day is a thousand coins in a thousand days, and 绳锯木断，水滴石穿 — a rope u...

Persevere until success

Literal: Carve and not stop

This comes from the Xunzi: carve and give up, and rotten wood will not break; carve (锲) without ceasing (不舍), and metal and stone can be worked. The contrast is deliberate — persistence beats material, and abandoning the attempt defeats even the easy case. It is about the carving of metal and stone,...

Success through persistence

Literal: Iron rod becomes needle

Li Bai, the story goes, had given up on his studies and was walking away when he met an old woman grinding down an iron pestle (铁杵). Asked what she was doing, she said she was making a needle (针). He went back to his books. The tale is attached to a stream near Meizhou and is told mainly to children...

Persist despite impossibility

Literal: Bird fills sea with pebbles

This poignant idiom comes from the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Nüwa (女娃), the young daughter of Yandi the Flame Emperor, drowned in the Eastern Sea, and her spirit became a bird called Jingwei (精卫) that carried twigs and pebbles from the western mountains to drop into the water, determined to fil...

Strive continuously for self-improvement

Literal: Self-strengthen without ceasing

This motivational idiom advocates constantly (不息) strengthening (强) oneself (自), originating from the Classic of Changes during the early Zhou Dynasty. It represented one of the fundamental virtues attributed to Heaven's ceaseless motion and energy. Confucian scholars later emphasized it as the supe...

Endure hardship for future success

Literal: Sleep on firewood, taste gall

Goujian of Yue, beaten and made to serve Fuchai of Wu, was let home and set about not forgetting it. The Records of the Grand Historian describes what he did: he hung a gall bladder (胆) where he sat, and looked up at it whenever he sat or lay down, and tasted (尝) it before every meal. The brushwood ...

Persistence overcomes huge obstacles

Literal: Foolish old man moves mountains

The Liezi tells of an old man of ninety whose way out was blocked by two mountains, and who began shifting (移) them (山) away a basket at a time. A widowed neighbour's small son ran over to help. The Wise Old Man of Hequ laughed at him and told him to stop, and he answered that when he died his sons ...

Work harder to compensate

Literal: The clumsy bird flies first

The clumsy (笨) bird (鸟) sets off first (先飞). The phrase belongs to vernacular drama and is most often said by the person about themselves, which is where its charm is: it concedes the disadvantage and then treats it as a scheduling problem rather than a verdict. That makes it a genuinely useful thin...

Success after long preparation

Literal: Thick accumulation thin launch

This is from Su Shi of the Song dynasty, who advised a friend to observe widely but take sparingly, to accumulate thickly and release thinly — 博观而约取，厚积而薄发. Deep (厚) accumulation (积) should issue in slight (薄) output (发). The counsel is against publishing early and often: what is put out should be a ...