8 Chinese Idioms About Confusion & Being Lost

Overly fearful and suspicious

Literal: Wind sound crane call

Dating back to the Jin Dynasty (265-420 CE), this idiom emerged from the aftermath of the Battle of Fei River. The defeated army became so paranoid that they mistook every wind (风) sound (声) and crane's (鹤) cry (唳) for enemy movements. The image draws from the watchful nature of cranes, known in Chi...

Use others' resources

Literal: Borrow flower offer Buddha

This Buddhist-influenced idiom describes borrowing flowers (花) to offer (献) to Buddha (佛), originating from Tang Dynasty temple practices where worshippers would sometimes borrow flowers from temple gardens for their offerings. The practice sparked philosophical discussions about the nature of since...

Needlessly suspicious

Literal: Bow in cup snake shadow

This tale from the Jin Dynasty chronicles a scholar who saw a bow's (弓) reflection in his cup (杯), mistaking it for a snake (蛇) shadow (影). His subsequent illness from fear only subsided when he discovered the truth. First recorded in 'Jin Shu', the story resonated with Buddhist teachings about how ...

Courage under pressure

Literal: Face danger without fear

This idiom describes facing (临) danger (危) without (不) fear (惧), originating from accounts of general Yue Fei's courage during the Southern Song Dynasty. Historical chronicles record how Yue maintained composure under extreme battlefield conditions, inspiring his troops to victory against superior f...

Extreme paranoia sees threats everywhere

Literal: Grass trees all soldiers

This psychological idiom describes seeing grass (草) and trees (木) all (皆) as soldiers (兵), originating from the Three Kingdoms period where a defeated general became so fearful during retreat that rustling vegetation appeared as enemy troops. The phrase gained broader usage during the Tang Dynasty, ...

Rush eagerly to be first, not last

Literal: Compete first fear last

The competitive atmosphere of the Han Dynasty imperial court gave birth to this phrase describing the twin drives of striving to be first (争先) while fearing to be last (恐后). Court historians noted how this combination of ambition and anxiety drove official behavior. Tang Dynasty observers saw the sa...

Completely free from worry or concern

Literal: High pillow no worry

Tang Dynasty poets first used this image of resting head on high pillow (高枕) without worry (无忧) to praise effective governance that allowed people to sleep soundly. Song Dynasty writers expanded it beyond political contexts to describe any circumstance enabling complete peace of mind. The physical p...

Concerns about hidden vulnerabilities

Literal: Backward glance's worry

Ancient military strategists coined this phrase about worries (忧) from looking back (后顾), emphasizing how unaddressed vulnerabilities can paralyze forward progress. Han Dynasty political writers expanded it beyond warfare to describe any situation where background concerns prevent bold action. The p...